Which of the following is a common side effect of thiazide diuretics?

Thiazide diuretics are well-known for their role in managing hypertension and edema, but one of the notable side effects associated with their use is hypokalemia, which refers to low levels of potassium in the blood. Thiazide diuretics act on the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, where they inhibit sodium reabsorption. This inhibition leads to increased sodium (and thus water) excretion, but it can also promote the loss of potassium as sodium is exchanged for potassium in the collecting ducts.

The mechanism involves the fact that as sodium is excreted, the body attempts to retain potassium, which can lead to significant potassium depletion over time. This electrolyte imbalance can manifest as muscle weakness, fatigue, or cardiac irregularities, making monitoring of potassium levels essential during treatment with thiazide diuretics.

In contrast, while other conditions such as pulmonary edema, atrial fibrillation, and hypercalcemia can occur in various health contexts or with different medications, they are not identified as common side effects specifically associated with thiazide diuretics. Understanding the specific side effects of these medications helps manage patient care effectively and prevents complications related to electrolyte disturbances.