Which medications are classified as loop diuretics? (Select all that apply.)

Loop diuretics are a class of medications that inhibit the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidneys. This results in increased excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, and water, leading to diuresis.

Among the options provided, Torsemide, Ethacrynic acid, and Bumetanide are recognized as loop diuretics. Torsemide is often used in the management of edema associated with heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and liver cirrhosis. Ethacrynic acid is particularly notable for being a loop diuretic that can be used in patients who are allergic to sulfa drugs. Bumetanide is another potent loop diuretic, effective in treating edema due to heart failure and various other conditions.

Hydrochlorothiazide, on the other hand, is a thiazide diuretic and works at a different site in the nephron, specifically at the distal convoluted tubule. It is commonly used for hypertension and mild edema but does not act as a loop diuretic.

In summary, Torsemide, Ethacrynic acid, and Bumetanide all belong to the loop di