Which adverse effects should a nurse caution a patient prescribed acetazolamide (Diamox) about? (Select all that apply.)

Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used primarily as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma, is associated with several potential adverse effects that a nurse should be aware of when advising a patient. Paresthesia is particularly notable, as it occurs due to the alteration in bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidneys which can lead to changes in acid-base balance. This often manifests as tingling sensations, commonly in the extremities or around the lips, making it a significant effect to monitor.

In addition to paresthesia, other adverse effects such as rash can occur, which may be indicative of an allergic reaction or hypersensitivity to the medication. Confusion is another potential side effect, often linked to the electrolyte imbalances that the medication can cause, particularly in certain populations or when used in higher doses. Drowsiness can also arise due to the central nervous system effects of the drug, so caution is warranted when it comes to activities that require full alertness.

Encountering any of these effects should prompt further assessment, and the patient should be educated on the signs to look for, which empowers them to take an active role in their treatment while ensuring their safety. By understanding these potential effects, the nurse can provide thorough