What potential complication should a nurse monitor for after administering mannitol IV?

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is used to reduce intracranial pressure and treat certain types of kidney failure. When administered intravenously, it creates an osmotic gradient in the renal tubules, promoting diuresis and consequent fluid loss. Given the mechanism of action, one significant potential complication to monitor for after administration is fluid overload.

Mannitol causes water to be retained in the renal tubules. While this can effectively treat conditions like cerebral edema, it may also draw excess fluid from the tissues into the bloodstream, resulting in increased blood volume. If not appropriately monitored, this can lead to fluid overload, particularly in patients with compromised renal function or heart conditions, where the body may struggle to accommodate the sudden increase in circulatory fluid volume. Symptoms of fluid overload can include difficulty breathing, hypertension, and peripheral edema.

Thus, monitoring for signs of fluid overload is vital following mannitol administration, as timely identification can help prevent complications such as pulmonary congestion or heart failure.