What is the main side effect of potassium-sparing diuretics?

Potassium-sparing diuretics primarily function by inhibiting sodium channels or antagonizing aldosterone in the distal nephron, which helps retain potassium while promoting diuresis. Unlike other diuretics that lead to the loss of potassium, potassium-sparing diuretics can cause an increase in serum potassium levels, a condition known as hyperkalemia. This is the primary side effect of these agents, especially when they are used in conjunction with other medications that can also raise potassium levels.

Hyperkalemia can be clinically significant, as it poses risks for cardiac arrhythmias and other complications. Monitoring potassium levels is crucial for patients on potassium-sparing diuretics, particularly in those with underlying kidney issues or those taking other potassium-retaining medications. Recognizing hyperkalemia as the main side effect of this class of diuretics is essential for safe patient management and helps ensure that therapy is both effective and safe.