Excessive use of diuretics can potentially lead to which of the following kidney-related issues?

Excessive use of diuretics can lead to acute kidney injury primarily due to dehydration or electrolyte imbalances. Diuretics promote increased urine production by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys, which can result in significant fluid loss. If fluid is lost without adequate replacement, dehydration occurs, which may decrease renal perfusion and lead to ischemia. This state can impair the kidneys’ filtering function and result in acute kidney injury.

Moreover, diuretics can affect the balance of electrolytes, such as potassium, sodium, and magnesium. An imbalance in these electrolytes can disrupt normal kidney function and exacerbate kidney damage, further contributing to acute kidney injury.

While chronic kidney disease could theoretically arise from long-term diuretic misuse, it typically requires a persistent condition or underlying pathology, rather than just excessive diuretic use. Similarly, while fluid overload and hypertension may occur as a result of diuretic withdrawal, they are not direct consequences of excessive diuretic use. Renal calculi formation is associated with certain types of diuretic use, particularly thiazides, because they may alter calcium handling; however, this is not a direct and immediate consequence of substantial diuretic intake. Therefore